Merge pull request 'feat: 캐시 O(1) 조회 + 메모리 예산 관리 + L2 블록 간소화 포팅' (#86) from feature/perf-cache-optimization into develop

docs/RELEASE-NOTES.md

@@ -4,5 +4,11 @@
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### 추가
+- L1/L2/L3 캐시 O(1) 키 기반 직접 조회 (전체 스캔 O(n) 대체)
+- 64GB JVM 메모리 예산 논리적 파티셔닝 (캐시 35GB / 쿼리 20GB / 시스템 9GB)
+- L2 HourlyTrackCache 6시간 경과 엔트리 Nth-point 간소화 스케줄러
+- 메모리 예산 모니터링 API (`GET /api/monitoring/cache/budget`)
+
 ### 기타
 - settings.json에 CLAUDE_BOT_TOKEN 환경변수 추가

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/batch/reader/FiveMinTrackCache.java

@@ -94,6 +94,50 @@ public class FiveMinTrackCache {
         return result;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 요청된 MMSI 키로 직접 O(1) 조회 — mmsi×5minBucket 조합으로 Caffeine getIfPresent() 호출
+     * 기존 getTracksInRange()의 전체 스캔(O(n)) 대비 대폭 성능 개선.
+     * 예: 1시간 × 100 MMSI = 1,200회 get() vs 최대 1.5M 엔트리 스캔
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> getTracksForVessels(
+            LocalDateTime start, LocalDateTime end, Set<String> mmsiKeys) {
+        if (mmsiKeys == null || mmsiKeys.isEmpty()) {
+            return Collections.emptyMap();
+        }
+
+        Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        // 5분 단위 버킷 정렬 (start를 가장 가까운 5분 바닥으로 정렬)
+        int startMinute = (start.getMinute() / 5) * 5;
+        LocalDateTime bucket = start.withMinute(startMinute).withSecond(0).withNano(0);
+
+        int lookupCount = 0;
+        int hitCount = 0;
+
+        while (!bucket.isAfter(end) && bucket.isBefore(end)) {
+            for (String mmsi : mmsiKeys) {
+                String key = buildKey(mmsi, bucket);
+                VesselTrack track = cache.getIfPresent(key);
+                lookupCount++;
+                if (track != null) {
+                    result.computeIfAbsent(mmsi, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(track);
+                    hitCount++;
+                }
+            }
+            bucket = bucket.plusMinutes(5);
+        }
+
+        // MMSI별 시간순 정렬
+        for (List<VesselTrack> tracks : result.values()) {
+            tracks.sort(Comparator.comparing(VesselTrack::getTimeBucket));
+        }
+
+        int totalTracks = result.values().stream().mapToInt(List::size).sum();
+        log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] L1.getTracksForVessels [{}, {}): requestedMmsi={}, lookups={}, hits={}, resultMmsi={}, tracks={}",
+                start, end, mmsiKeys.size(), lookupCount, hitCount, result.size(), totalTracks);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     /**
      * 지정 시간 범위의 캐시 항목 제거 (hourly merge 완료 후 호출)
      */

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/batch/reader/HourlyTrackCache.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
 import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@ public class HourlyTrackCache {
 
     private Cache<String, VesselTrack> cache;
 
+    // 간소화 완료 추적 (시간 버킷 단위, 중복 간소화 방지)
+    private final Set<LocalDateTime> simplifiedBuckets = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet();
+
     @Value("${app.cache.hourly-track.ttl-hours:26}")
     private long ttlHours;
 
@@ -93,6 +97,47 @@ public class HourlyTrackCache {
         return result;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 요청된 MMSI 키로 직접 O(1) 조회 — mmsi×hourBucket 조합으로 Caffeine getIfPresent() 호출
+     * 기존 getTracksInRange()의 전체 스캔(O(n)) 대비 대폭 성능 개선.
+     * 예: 24시간 × 100 MMSI = 2,400회 get() vs 최대 7M 엔트리 스캔
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> getTracksForVessels(
+            LocalDateTime start, LocalDateTime end, Set<String> mmsiKeys) {
+        if (mmsiKeys == null || mmsiKeys.isEmpty()) {
+            return Collections.emptyMap();
+        }
+
+        Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> result = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        LocalDateTime bucket = start.withMinute(0).withSecond(0).withNano(0);
+
+        int lookupCount = 0;
+        int hitCount = 0;
+
+        while (!bucket.isAfter(end) && bucket.isBefore(end)) {
+            for (String mmsi : mmsiKeys) {
+                String key = buildKey(mmsi, bucket);
+                VesselTrack track = cache.getIfPresent(key);
+                lookupCount++;
+                if (track != null) {
+                    result.computeIfAbsent(mmsi, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(track);
+                    hitCount++;
+                }
+            }
+            bucket = bucket.plusHours(1);
+        }
+
+        // MMSI별 시간순 정렬
+        for (List<VesselTrack> tracks : result.values()) {
+            tracks.sort(Comparator.comparing(VesselTrack::getTimeBucket));
+        }
+
+        int totalTracks = result.values().stream().mapToInt(List::size).sum();
+        log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] L2.getTracksForVessels [{}, {}): requestedMmsi={}, lookups={}, hits={}, resultMmsi={}, tracks={}",
+                start, end, mmsiKeys.size(), lookupCount, hitCount, result.size(), totalTracks);
+        return result;
+    }
+
     /**
      * 지정 시간 범위의 캐시 항목 제거 (daily merge 완료 후 호출)
      */
@@ -109,6 +154,74 @@ public class HourlyTrackCache {
                 start, end, before - after, before, after, getStats());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 6시간 이상 경과한 캐시 엔트리의 WKT LineStringM을 간소화.
+     * 매 sampleRate번째 포인트만 유지 (첫/마지막 항상 보존).
+     * 이미 간소화된 시간 버킷은 스킵하여 중복 간소화 방지.
+     *
+     * @param hoursAgo   간소화 대상 경과 시간 (시)
+     * @param sampleRate 샘플링 비율 (2 = 매 2번째 포인트만 유지 → ~50% 감소)
+     * @return 간소화된 엔트리 수
+     */
+    public int simplifyOlderThan(int hoursAgo, int sampleRate) {
+        LocalDateTime threshold = LocalDateTime.now().minusHours(hoursAgo);
+        int simplified = 0;
+        int totalOriginal = 0;
+        int totalAfter = 0;
+        int skipped = 0;
+
+        for (Map.Entry<String, VesselTrack> entry : cache.asMap().entrySet()) {
+            VesselTrack track = entry.getValue();
+            if (track.getTimeBucket() == null || !track.getTimeBucket().isBefore(threshold)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // 이미 간소화된 시간 버킷이면 스킵
+            if (simplifiedBuckets.contains(track.getTimeBucket())) {
+                skipped++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            String wkt = track.getTrackGeom();
+            if (wkt == null || track.getPointCount() == null || track.getPointCount() <= 3) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            int originalCount = track.getPointCount();
+            String simplifiedWkt = simplifyLineStringM(wkt, sampleRate);
+            if (simplifiedWkt != null && !simplifiedWkt.equals(wkt)) {
+                track.setTrackGeom(simplifiedWkt);
+                int newCount = countWktPoints(simplifiedWkt);
+                totalOriginal += originalCount;
+                totalAfter += newCount;
+                track.setPointCount(newCount);
+                simplified++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 간소화 완료된 시간 버킷 기록 (threshold 이전 모든 정각 버킷)
+        LocalDateTime bucket = threshold.withMinute(0).withSecond(0).withNano(0);
+        LocalDateTime oldest = LocalDateTime.now().minusHours(ttlHours + 1);
+        while (!bucket.isBefore(oldest)) {
+            simplifiedBuckets.add(bucket);
+            bucket = bucket.minusHours(1);
+        }
+
+        // 만료된 버킷 추적 정리
+        simplifiedBuckets.removeIf(b -> b.isBefore(oldest));
+
+        if (simplified > 0) {
+            double reduction = totalOriginal > 0 ? (1 - (double) totalAfter / totalOriginal) * 100 : 0;
+            log.info("[CACHE-SIMPLIFY] L2 간소화: entries={}, skipped={}, points {} -> {} ({}% 감소), threshold={}h",
+                    simplified, skipped, totalOriginal, totalAfter,
+                    String.format("%.1f", reduction), hoursAgo);
+        } else {
+            log.debug("[CACHE-SIMPLIFY] L2 간소화 대상 없음: skipped={}, threshold={}h", skipped, hoursAgo);
+        }
+
+        return simplified;
+    }
+
     public long size() {
         return cache.estimatedSize();
     }
@@ -136,4 +249,48 @@ public class HourlyTrackCache {
     private String buildKey(String mmsi, LocalDateTime timeBucket) {
         return mmsi + "::" + timeBucket.format(KEY_FORMATTER);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * WKT LineStringM에서 매 sampleRate번째 포인트만 유지.
+     * 첫 포인트와 마지막 포인트는 항상 보존.
+     *
+     * 입력 형식: "LINESTRING M(lon1 lat1 m1,lon2 lat2 m2,...)"
+     *         또는 "LINESTRINGM(lon1 lat1 m1,lon2 lat2 m2,...)"
+     */
+    static String simplifyLineStringM(String wkt, int sampleRate) {
+        if (wkt == null || sampleRate <= 1) return wkt;
+
+        int openParen = wkt.indexOf('(');
+        int closeParen = wkt.lastIndexOf(')');
+        if (openParen < 0 || closeParen < 0 || closeParen <= openParen + 1) return wkt;
+
+        String prefix = wkt.substring(0, openParen + 1);
+        String coords = wkt.substring(openParen + 1, closeParen);
+
+        String[] points = coords.split(",");
+        if (points.length <= 3) return wkt;
+
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(prefix);
+        for (int i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+            if (i == 0 || i == points.length - 1 || i % sampleRate == 0) {
+                if (sb.length() > prefix.length()) {
+                    sb.append(',');
+                }
+                sb.append(points[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        sb.append(')');
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    static int countWktPoints(String wkt) {
+        if (wkt == null) return 0;
+        int openParen = wkt.indexOf('(');
+        int closeParen = wkt.lastIndexOf(')');
+        if (openParen < 0 || closeParen < 0 || closeParen <= openParen + 1) return 0;
+        String coords = wkt.substring(openParen + 1, closeParen);
+        if (coords.isBlank()) return 0;
+        return coords.split(",").length;
+    }
 }

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/batch/reader/HourlyTrackSimplifier.java

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package gc.mda.signal_batch.batch.reader;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+/**
+ * L2 HourlyTrackCache 간소화 스케줄러
+ *
+ * 6시간 이상 경과한 캐시 엔트리의 WKT LineStringM을 Nth-point 샘플링으로 간소화.
+ * 기본 스케줄: 06:30, 12:30, 18:30 (1일 3회)
+ *
+ * 간소화 효과: sampleRate=2 기준 ~50% 포인트 감소 → L2 메모리 절약
+ */
+@Slf4j
+@Component
+@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "vessel.batch.cache.hourly-simplification.enabled", havingValue = "true")
+public class HourlyTrackSimplifier {
+
+    private final HourlyTrackCache hourlyTrackCache;
+
+    @Value("${vessel.batch.cache.hourly-simplification.hours-ago:6}")
+    private int hoursAgo;
+
+    @Value("${vessel.batch.cache.hourly-simplification.sample-rate:2}")
+    private int sampleRate;
+
+    public HourlyTrackSimplifier(HourlyTrackCache hourlyTrackCache) {
+        this.hourlyTrackCache = hourlyTrackCache;
+    }
+
+    @Scheduled(cron = "${vessel.batch.cache.hourly-simplification.cron:0 30 6,12,18 * * *}")
+    public void scheduledSimplification() {
+        log.info("[HourlySimplifier] 스케줄 간소화 시작 — hoursAgo={}, sampleRate={}, cacheSize={}",
+                hoursAgo, sampleRate, hourlyTrackCache.size());
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        int simplified = hourlyTrackCache.simplifyOlderThan(hoursAgo, sampleRate);
+
+        long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+        log.info("[HourlySimplifier] 스케줄 간소화 완료 — simplified={}, elapsed={}ms, cacheSize={}",
+                simplified, elapsed, hourlyTrackCache.size());
+    }
+}

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/domain/gis/service/GisServiceV2.java

@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ import gc.mda.signal_batch.domain.vessel.model.AisTargetEntity;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.domain.vessel.dto.TrackResponse;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.domain.vessel.dto.VesselTracksRequest;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.domain.vessel.model.VesselTrack;
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.exception.MemoryBudgetExceededException;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.exception.QueryTimeoutException;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.util.TrackConverter;
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.util.TrackMemoryEstimator;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.util.VesselTrackToCompactConverter;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service.ActiveQueryManager;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service.CacheTrackSimplifier;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service.DailyTrackCacheManager;
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service.TrackMemoryBudgetManager;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
@@ -52,6 +55,7 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
     private final VesselTrackToCompactConverter vesselTrackToCompactConverter;
     private final ChnPrmShipCacheManager chnPrmShipCacheManager;
     private final ChnPrmShipProperties chnPrmShipProperties;
+    private final TrackMemoryBudgetManager memoryBudgetManager;
 
     @Value("${rest.v2.query.timeout-seconds:30}")
     private int restQueryTimeout;
@@ -72,7 +76,8 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
                         FiveMinTrackCache fiveMinTrackCache,
                         VesselTrackToCompactConverter vesselTrackToCompactConverter,
                         ChnPrmShipCacheManager chnPrmShipCacheManager,
-                        ChnPrmShipProperties chnPrmShipProperties) {
+                        ChnPrmShipProperties chnPrmShipProperties,
+                        TrackMemoryBudgetManager memoryBudgetManager) {
         this.queryDataSource = queryDataSource;
         this.activeQueryManager = activeQueryManager;
         this.dailyTrackCacheManager = dailyTrackCacheManager;
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
         this.vesselTrackToCompactConverter = vesselTrackToCompactConverter;
         this.chnPrmShipCacheManager = chnPrmShipCacheManager;
         this.chnPrmShipProperties = chnPrmShipProperties;
+        this.memoryBudgetManager = memoryBudgetManager;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -277,10 +283,24 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
     public List<CompactVesselTrack> getVesselTracksV2(VesselTracksRequest request) {
         String queryId = "rest-vessels-" + UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(0, 8);
         boolean slotAcquired = false;
+        boolean memoryReserved = false;
 
         try {
             slotAcquired = acquireSlotWithWait(queryId);
 
+            // 쿼리 메모리 사전 예약
+            int days = (int) java.time.Duration.between(request.getStartTime(), request.getEndTime()).toDays() + 1;
+            long estimatedBytes = TrackMemoryEstimator.estimateQueryBytes(days, request.getVessels().size());
+            try {
+                memoryBudgetManager.reserveQueryMemory(queryId, estimatedBytes,
+                        memoryBudgetManager.getProperties().getQueueTimeoutSeconds() * 1000L);
+                memoryReserved = true;
+            } catch (MemoryBudgetExceededException e) {
+                log.warn("[MemoryBudget] REST 쿼리 메모리 예약 실패: queryId={}, estimated={}MB — {}",
+                        queryId, estimatedBytes / (1024 * 1024), e.getMessage());
+                throw e;
+            }
+
             List<CompactVesselTrack> result;
 
             if (dailyTrackCacheManager.isEnabled() &&
@@ -306,6 +326,9 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
             return result;
 
         } finally {
+            if (memoryReserved) {
+                memoryBudgetManager.releaseQueryMemory(queryId);
+            }
             if (slotAcquired) {
                 activeQueryManager.releaseQuerySlot(queryId);
                 if (activeQueryManager.isHeapPressureHigh()) {
@@ -328,24 +351,16 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
 
         Set<String> requestedMmsis = new HashSet<>(request.getVessels());
 
-        // 1. 캐시에서 조회 (캐시된 날짜) + 누락 MMSI 부분 DB fallback
+        // 1. L3 캐시에서 요청 MMSI만 O(1) 직접 조회 + 누락 MMSI 부분 DB fallback
         if (split.hasCachedData()) {
-            List<CompactVesselTrack> cachedTracks =
+            List<CompactVesselTrack> filteredCached =
-                    dailyTrackCacheManager.getCachedTracksMultipleDays(split.getCachedDates());
+                    dailyTrackCacheManager.getCachedTracksForVessels(split.getCachedDates(), requestedMmsis);
-
-            int totalCachedCount = cachedTracks.size();
-            List<CompactVesselTrack> filteredCached = cachedTracks.stream()
-                    .filter(t -> requestedMmsis.contains(t.getVesselId()))
-                    .map(t -> t.toBuilder().build())
-                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
-
-            cachedTracks.clear();
 
             allTracks.addAll(filteredCached);
-            log.debug("[CacheQuery] cached {} days -> {} tracks (filtered from {})",
+            log.debug("[CacheQuery] cached {} days -> {} tracks (key-based lookup, {} MMSI requested)",
-                    split.getCachedDates().size(), filteredCached.size(), totalCachedCount);
+                    split.getCachedDates().size(), filteredCached.size(), requestedMmsis.size());
 
-            // Daily 캐시에 없는 MMSI → DB fallback (hourly/5min 계층 조회)
+            // Daily 캐시에 없는 MMSI → DB fallback
             Set<String> cachedMmsis = filteredCached.stream()
                     .map(CompactVesselTrack::getVesselId)
                     .collect(Collectors.toSet());
@@ -383,23 +398,22 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
             }
         }
 
-        // 3-a. hourly 범위 → L2 캐시 → DB fallback (누락 MMSI 부분 fallback 포함)
+        // 3-a. hourly 범위 → L2 캐시 O(1) 키 기반 조회 → DB fallback (누락 MMSI)
         if (split.hasHourlyRange()) {
             DailyTrackCacheManager.DateRange hr = split.getHourlyRange();
             Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> hourlyTracks =
-                    hourlyTrackCache.getTracksInRange(hr.getStart(), hr.getEnd());
+                    hourlyTrackCache.getTracksForVessels(hr.getStart(), hr.getEnd(), requestedMmsis);
 
             if (!hourlyTracks.isEmpty()) {
-                Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> filtered = filterByMmsi(hourlyTracks, requestedMmsis);
+                List<CompactVesselTrack> converted = vesselTrackToCompactConverter.convert(hourlyTracks);
-                List<CompactVesselTrack> converted = vesselTrackToCompactConverter.convert(filtered);
                 allTracks.addAll(converted);
                 int totalPts = converted.stream().mapToInt(CompactVesselTrack::getPointCount).sum();
-                log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] queryWithCache L2 HIT [{}, {}): cacheVessels={}, filteredVessels={}, compactTracks={}, points={}",
+                log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] queryWithCache L2 HIT [{}, {}): resultVessels={}, compactTracks={}, points={}",
-                        hr.getStart(), hr.getEnd(), hourlyTracks.size(), filtered.size(), converted.size(), totalPts);
+                        hr.getStart(), hr.getEnd(), hourlyTracks.size(), converted.size(), totalPts);
 
                 // 캐시에 없는 MMSI → DB fallback
                 Set<String> missingMmsis = new HashSet<>(requestedMmsis);
-                missingMmsis.removeAll(filtered.keySet());
+                missingMmsis.removeAll(hourlyTracks.keySet());
                 if (!missingMmsis.isEmpty()) {
                     VesselTracksRequest fallbackReq = VesselTracksRequest.builder()
                             .startTime(hr.getStart()).endTime(hr.getEnd())
@@ -407,7 +421,7 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
                     List<CompactVesselTrack> dbResult = gisService.getVesselTracks(fallbackReq);
                     allTracks.addAll(dbResult);
                     log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] queryWithCache L2 PARTIAL → DB fallback: cacheHit={}, cacheMiss={}, dbTracks={}",
-                            filtered.size(), missingMmsis.size(), dbResult.size());
+                            hourlyTracks.size(), missingMmsis.size(), dbResult.size());
                 }
             } else {
                 VesselTracksRequest hourlyReq = VesselTracksRequest.builder()
@@ -420,23 +434,22 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
             }
         }
 
-        // 3-b. 5min 범위 → L1 캐시 → DB fallback (누락 MMSI 부분 fallback 포함)
+        // 3-b. 5min 범위 → L1 캐시 O(1) 키 기반 조회 → DB fallback (누락 MMSI)
         if (split.hasFiveMinRange()) {
             DailyTrackCacheManager.DateRange fr = split.getFiveMinRange();
             Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> fiveMinTracks =
-                    fiveMinTrackCache.getTracksInRange(fr.getStart(), fr.getEnd());
+                    fiveMinTrackCache.getTracksForVessels(fr.getStart(), fr.getEnd(), requestedMmsis);
 
             if (!fiveMinTracks.isEmpty()) {
-                Map<String, List<VesselTrack>> filtered = filterByMmsi(fiveMinTracks, requestedMmsis);
+                List<CompactVesselTrack> converted = vesselTrackToCompactConverter.convert(fiveMinTracks);
-                List<CompactVesselTrack> converted = vesselTrackToCompactConverter.convert(filtered);
                 allTracks.addAll(converted);
                 int totalPts = converted.stream().mapToInt(CompactVesselTrack::getPointCount).sum();
-                log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] queryWithCache L1 HIT [{}, {}): cacheVessels={}, filteredVessels={}, compactTracks={}, points={}",
+                log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] queryWithCache L1 HIT [{}, {}): resultVessels={}, compactTracks={}, points={}",
-                        fr.getStart(), fr.getEnd(), fiveMinTracks.size(), filtered.size(), converted.size(), totalPts);
+                        fr.getStart(), fr.getEnd(), fiveMinTracks.size(), converted.size(), totalPts);
 
                 // 캐시에 없는 MMSI → DB fallback
                 Set<String> missingMmsis = new HashSet<>(requestedMmsis);
-                missingMmsis.removeAll(filtered.keySet());
+                missingMmsis.removeAll(fiveMinTracks.keySet());
                 if (!missingMmsis.isEmpty()) {
                     VesselTracksRequest fallbackReq = VesselTracksRequest.builder()
                             .startTime(fr.getStart()).endTime(fr.getEnd())
@@ -444,7 +457,7 @@ public class GisServiceV2 {
                     List<CompactVesselTrack> dbResult = gisService.getVesselTracks(fallbackReq);
                     allTracks.addAll(dbResult);
                     log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] queryWithCache L1 PARTIAL → DB fallback: cacheHit={}, cacheMiss={}, dbTracks={}",
-                            filtered.size(), missingMmsis.size(), dbResult.size());
+                            fiveMinTracks.size(), missingMmsis.size(), dbResult.size());
                 }
             } else {
                 VesselTracksRequest fiveMinReq = VesselTracksRequest.builder()

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/global/config/TrackMemoryBudgetProperties.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package gc.mda.signal_batch.global.config;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.Setter;
+import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+/**
+ * 항적 데이터 메모리 예산 설정
+ *
+ * 64GB JVM 힙 기준 파티셔닝:
+ *   캐시 35GB (55%) — L1/L2/L3
+ *   쿼리 20GB (31%) — REST/WebSocket 동시 쿼리
+ *   시스템 9GB (14%) — GC, 스레드스택, Spring 컨텍스트 (미추적)
+ */
+@Getter
+@Setter
+@Component
+@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "track.memory-budget")
+public class TrackMemoryBudgetProperties {
+
+    /** 전체 JVM 힙 예산 (GB) */
+    private int totalBudgetGb = 64;
+
+    /** 캐시 전용 예산 (GB) — L1+L2+L3 전체 */
+    private int cacheBudgetGb = 35;
+
+    /** 쿼리 응답 전용 예산 (GB) */
+    private int queryBudgetGb = 20;
+
+    /** 단일 쿼리 최대 메모리 (GB) */
+    private int maxSingleQueryGb = 5;
+
+    /** 메모리 추정 보정 계수 (실측 기반) */
+    private double estimationCorrectionFactor = 1.8;
+
+    /** 쿼리 메모리 대기 큐 타임아웃 (초) */
+    private int queueTimeoutSeconds = 60;
+
+    /** 예산 경고 임계값 (0.0~1.0) */
+    private double warningThreshold = 0.8;
+
+    /** 예산 위험 임계값 (0.0~1.0) */
+    private double criticalThreshold = 0.95;
+}

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/global/exception/MemoryBudgetExceededException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package gc.mda.signal_batch.global.exception;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
+
+/**
+ * 메모리 예산 초과 시 발생하는 예외 (503 Service Unavailable)
+ *
+ * 단일 쿼리 상한 초과, 대기 큐 타임아웃, 전체 쿼리 예산 부족 시 발생.
+ */
+@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE)
+public class MemoryBudgetExceededException extends RuntimeException {
+    public MemoryBudgetExceededException(String message) {
+        super(message);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/global/util/TrackMemoryEstimator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package gc.mda.signal_batch.global.util;
+
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.domain.vessel.dto.CompactVesselTrack;
+import lombok.experimental.UtilityClass;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * CompactVesselTrack의 Heap 점유량을 바이트 단위로 추정
+ *
+ * 포인트당 메모리 근거:
+ *   double[2]: 32B (header 16B + data 16B) + ArrayList entry 8B = 40B
+ *   String timestamp: ~48B (object 16B + char[] ~24B + ref 8B)
+ *   Double speed: 24B (object 16B + double 8B)
+ *   합계: ~112B per point
+ */
+@UtilityClass
+public class TrackMemoryEstimator {
+
+    private static final long BYTES_PER_POINT = 112L;
+    private static final long OBJECT_OVERHEAD = 300L;
+
+    public static long estimateTrackBytes(CompactVesselTrack track) {
+        if (track == null) return 0;
+        int points = track.getPointCount();
+        return OBJECT_OVERHEAD + (long) points * BYTES_PER_POINT;
+    }
+
+    public static long estimateListBytes(List<CompactVesselTrack> tracks) {
+        if (tracks == null || tracks.isEmpty()) return 0;
+        long total = 0;
+        for (CompactVesselTrack track : tracks) {
+            total += estimateTrackBytes(track);
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 사전 추정: 일 평균 500포인트 기준
+     * days × vessels × 500 × 112B
+     */
+    public static long estimateQueryBytes(int days, int estimatedVessels) {
+        return (long) days * estimatedVessels * 500 * BYTES_PER_POINT;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/global/websocket/service/ChunkedTrackStreamingService.java

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service;
 
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.util.SignalKindCode;
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.exception.MemoryBudgetExceededException;
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.util.TrackMemoryEstimator;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.dto.TrackChunkResponse;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.interceptor.TrackQueryInterceptor;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.domain.vessel.dto.CompactVesselTrack;
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@ public class ChunkedTrackStreamingService {
     private final TrackQueryInterceptor trackQueryInterceptor;
     private final DailyTrackCacheManager dailyTrackCacheManager;
     private final CacheTrackSimplifier cacheTrackSimplifier;
+    private final TrackMemoryBudgetManager memoryBudgetManager;
     private final WKTReader wktReader = new WKTReader();
     @SuppressWarnings("unused")
     private final ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
@@ -96,7 +99,8 @@ public class ChunkedTrackStreamingService {
             ActiveQueryManager activeQueryManager,
             TrackQueryInterceptor trackQueryInterceptor,
             DailyTrackCacheManager dailyTrackCacheManager,
-            CacheTrackSimplifier cacheTrackSimplifier) {
+            CacheTrackSimplifier cacheTrackSimplifier,
+            TrackMemoryBudgetManager memoryBudgetManager) {
         this.queryJdbcTemplate = queryJdbcTemplate;
         this.queryDataSource = queryDataSource;
         this.simplificationStrategy = simplificationStrategy;
@@ -104,6 +108,7 @@ public class ChunkedTrackStreamingService {
         this.trackQueryInterceptor = trackQueryInterceptor;
         this.dailyTrackCacheManager = dailyTrackCacheManager;
         this.cacheTrackSimplifier = cacheTrackSimplifier;
+        this.memoryBudgetManager = memoryBudgetManager;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -991,6 +996,20 @@ public class ChunkedTrackStreamingService {
                 }
             }
 
+            // 쿼리 메모리 사전 예약
+            try {
+                int days = (int) Duration.between(request.getStartTime(), request.getEndTime()).toDays() + 1;
+                int estimatedVessels = Math.max(1000, days * 5000); // 뷰포트 쿼리는 선박 수 예측 어려움
+                long estimatedBytes = TrackMemoryEstimator.estimateQueryBytes(days, estimatedVessels);
+                memoryBudgetManager.reserveQueryMemory(queryId, estimatedBytes,
+                        memoryBudgetManager.getProperties().getQueueTimeoutSeconds() * 1000L);
+            } catch (MemoryBudgetExceededException e) {
+                log.warn("[MemoryBudget] WebSocket 쿼리 메모리 예약 실패: queryId={} — {}", queryId, e.getMessage());
+                statusConsumer.accept(new QueryStatusUpdate(queryId, "ERROR",
+                        "서버 메모리 부족. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요.", 0.0));
+                return;
+            }
+
             // 취소 플래그 등록
             AtomicBoolean cancelFlag = new AtomicBoolean(false);
             queryCancelFlags.put(queryId, cancelFlag);
@@ -1330,7 +1349,8 @@ public class ChunkedTrackStreamingService {
                     0.0
             ));
         } finally {
-            // 리소스 반환 (순서: 데이터 정리 → 취소 플래그 → 글로벌 슬롯 → 세션 카운트 → 메트릭스)
+            // 리소스 반환 (순서: 메모리 예산 → 데이터 정리 → 취소 플래그 → 글로벌 슬롯 → 세션 카운트 → 메트릭스)
+            memoryBudgetManager.releaseQueryMemory(queryId);
             processedTimeRanges.clear();  // 메모리 즉시 해제: 처리 시간 범위 맵
             queryCancelFlags.remove(queryId);
             if (slotAcquired) {

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/global/websocket/service/DailyTrackCacheManager.java

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ public class DailyTrackCacheManager {
 
     private final DataSource queryDataSource;
     private final DailyTrackCacheProperties cacheProperties;
+    private final TrackMemoryBudgetManager memoryBudgetManager;
 
     // 날짜별 캐시 (D-1 ~ D-N)
     private final ConcurrentHashMap<LocalDate, DailyTrackData> cache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@@ -54,9 +55,11 @@ public class DailyTrackCacheManager {
 
     public DailyTrackCacheManager(
             @Qualifier("queryDataSource") DataSource queryDataSource,
-            DailyTrackCacheProperties cacheProperties) {
+            DailyTrackCacheProperties cacheProperties,
+            TrackMemoryBudgetManager memoryBudgetManager) {
         this.queryDataSource = queryDataSource;
         this.cacheProperties = cacheProperties;
+        this.memoryBudgetManager = memoryBudgetManager;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -165,13 +168,19 @@ public class DailyTrackCacheManager {
                 DailyTrackData data = loadDay(targetDate);
 
                 if (data != null && data.getVesselCount() > 0) {
-                    // 메모리 한도 체크
+                    // 메모리 한도 체크 (DailyTrackCacheProperties 자체 한도)
                     if (totalMemory + data.getMemorySizeBytes() > maxMemoryBytes) {
                         log.warn("Cache memory limit reached: {}GB / {}GB. Stopping at D-{}",
                                 totalMemory / (1024 * 1024 * 1024), cacheProperties.getMaxMemoryGb(), daysBack);
                         break;
                     }
 
+                    // 메모리 예산 매니저에 등록
+                    if (!memoryBudgetManager.registerCacheMemory(targetDate, data.getMemorySizeBytes())) {
+                        log.warn("[MemoryBudget] 캐시 예산 초과로 D-{} ({}) 로드 중단", daysBack, targetDate);
+                        break;
+                    }
+
                     cache.put(targetDate, data);
                     totalMemory += data.getMemorySizeBytes();
                     loadedCount++;
@@ -421,6 +430,76 @@ public class DailyTrackCacheManager {
                 .collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 요청된 MMSI 키로 직접 O(1) 조회 — dayTracks.get(mmsi) 호출
+     * 기존 getCachedTracksMultipleDays()의 전체 스캔 대비 대폭 성능 개선.
+     * 예: 7일 × 100 MMSI = 700회 get() vs 7일 × 50K 선박 = 350K 엔트리 스캔
+     */
+    public List<CompactVesselTrack> getCachedTracksForVessels(
+            List<LocalDate> dates, Set<String> mmsiKeys) {
+        if (mmsiKeys == null || mmsiKeys.isEmpty()) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+
+        Map<String, CompactVesselTrack.CompactVesselTrackBuilder> merged = new HashMap<>();
+        int lookupCount = 0;
+        int hitCount = 0;
+
+        for (LocalDate date : dates) {
+            DailyTrackData data = cache.get(date);
+            if (data == null) continue;
+
+            Map<String, CompactVesselTrack> dayTracks = data.getTracks();
+
+            for (String mmsi : mmsiKeys) {
+                CompactVesselTrack track = dayTracks.get(mmsi);
+                lookupCount++;
+                if (track == null) continue;
+                hitCount++;
+
+                CompactVesselTrack.CompactVesselTrackBuilder builder = merged.get(mmsi);
+                if (builder == null) {
+                    builder = CompactVesselTrack.builder()
+                            .vesselId(mmsi)
+                            .nationalCode(track.getNationalCode())
+                            .shipName(track.getShipName())
+                            .shipType(track.getShipType())
+                            .shipKindCode(track.getShipKindCode())
+                            .geometry(new ArrayList<>(track.getGeometry()))
+                            .timestamps(new ArrayList<>(track.getTimestamps()))
+                            .speeds(new ArrayList<>(track.getSpeeds()))
+                            .totalDistance(track.getTotalDistance())
+                            .avgSpeed(track.getAvgSpeed())
+                            .maxSpeed(track.getMaxSpeed())
+                            .pointCount(track.getPointCount());
+                    merged.put(mmsi, builder);
+                } else {
+                    CompactVesselTrack existing = builder.build();
+                    List<double[]> geo = new ArrayList<>(existing.getGeometry());
+                    geo.addAll(track.getGeometry());
+                    List<String> ts = new ArrayList<>(existing.getTimestamps());
+                    ts.addAll(track.getTimestamps());
+                    List<Double> sp = new ArrayList<>(existing.getSpeeds());
+                    sp.addAll(track.getSpeeds());
+
+                    builder.geometry(geo)
+                            .timestamps(ts)
+                            .speeds(sp)
+                            .totalDistance(existing.getTotalDistance() + track.getTotalDistance())
+                            .maxSpeed(Math.max(existing.getMaxSpeed(), track.getMaxSpeed()))
+                            .pointCount(existing.getPointCount() + track.getPointCount());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        log.info("[CACHE-MONITOR] L3.getCachedTracksForVessels: dates={}, requestedMmsi={}, lookups={}, hits={}, resultVessels={}",
+                dates.size(), mmsiKeys.size(), lookupCount, hitCount, merged.size());
+
+        return merged.values().stream()
+                .map(CompactVesselTrack.CompactVesselTrackBuilder::build)
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
     /**
      * 요청 범위를 캐시 구간 / DB 구간으로 분리
      */
@@ -533,6 +612,7 @@ public class DailyTrackCacheManager {
         try {
             DailyTrackData data = loadDay(yesterday);
             if (data != null && data.getVesselCount() > 0) {
+                memoryBudgetManager.registerCacheMemory(yesterday, data.getMemorySizeBytes());
                 cache.put(yesterday, data);
                 log.info("Cache refreshed for {}: {} vessels, {} MB",
                         yesterday, data.getVesselCount(), data.getMemorySizeBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
@@ -550,6 +630,7 @@ public class DailyTrackCacheManager {
         for (LocalDate d : toRemove) {
             DailyTrackData removed = cache.remove(d);
             if (removed != null) {
+                memoryBudgetManager.releaseCacheMemory(d);
                 log.info("Evicted cache for {}: {} vessels, {} MB",
                         d, removed.getVesselCount(), removed.getMemorySizeBytes() / (1024 * 1024));
             }

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/global/websocket/service/TrackMemoryBudgetManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service;
+
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.config.TrackMemoryBudgetProperties;
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.exception.MemoryBudgetExceededException;
+import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * 항적 데이터 메모리 예산 관리자
+ *
+ * 캐시 영역과 쿼리 영역의 메모리를 논리적으로 파티셔닝하여
+ * 대형 쿼리가 배치 Job/캐시를 압박하는 것을 방지.
+ *
+ * 쿼리 예산: ReentrantLock(fair=true) + Condition 기반 FIFO 대기 큐.
+ * 캐시 예산: AtomicLong 기반 즉시 등록/해제.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+@Service
+public class TrackMemoryBudgetManager {
+
+    @Getter
+    private final TrackMemoryBudgetProperties properties;
+
+    // 캐시 메모리 추적
+    private final AtomicLong cacheUsedBytes = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long> cacheAllocations = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    // 쿼리 메모리 추적
+    private final AtomicLong queryUsedBytes = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long> queryAllocations = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final AtomicInteger waitingQueryCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    // FIFO 대기 메커니즘
+    private final ReentrantLock queryLock = new ReentrantLock(true); // fair=true
+    private final Condition queryBudgetAvailable = queryLock.newCondition();
+
+    // 로그 중복 방지
+    private volatile long lastPressureLogTime = 0;
+
+    public TrackMemoryBudgetManager(TrackMemoryBudgetProperties properties) {
+        this.properties = properties;
+    }
+
+    @PostConstruct
+    public void init() {
+        log.info("TrackMemoryBudgetManager 초기화 — total: {}GB, cache: {}GB, query: {}GB, maxSingleQuery: {}GB, correctionFactor: {}",
+                properties.getTotalBudgetGb(), properties.getCacheBudgetGb(),
+                properties.getQueryBudgetGb(), properties.getMaxSingleQueryGb(),
+                properties.getEstimationCorrectionFactor());
+    }
+
+    // ── 캐시 메모리 관리 ──
+
+    /**
+     * 캐시 메모리 등록 (날짜 기반 — L3 DailyTrackCache)
+     * @return true: 예산 내 등록 성공, false: 예산 초과
+     */
+    public boolean registerCacheMemory(LocalDate date, long bytes) {
+        return registerCacheMemory("daily::" + date, bytes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 캐시 메모리 등록 (키 기반 — L1/L2 Caffeine 버킷)
+     */
+    public boolean registerCacheMemory(String key, long bytes) {
+        long budgetBytes = (long) properties.getCacheBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+        long currentUsed = cacheUsedBytes.get();
+
+        if (currentUsed + bytes > budgetBytes) {
+            log.warn("[MemoryBudget] 캐시 예산 초과: key={}, requested={}MB, used={}MB, budget={}MB",
+                    key, bytes / (1024 * 1024), currentUsed / (1024 * 1024), budgetBytes / (1024 * 1024));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        Long previous = cacheAllocations.put(key, bytes);
+        if (previous != null) {
+            cacheUsedBytes.addAndGet(bytes - previous);
+        } else {
+            cacheUsedBytes.addAndGet(bytes);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 캐시 메모리 해제 (날짜 기반)
+     */
+    public void releaseCacheMemory(LocalDate date) {
+        releaseCacheMemory("daily::" + date);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 캐시 메모리 해제 (키 기반)
+     */
+    public void releaseCacheMemory(String key) {
+        Long released = cacheAllocations.remove(key);
+        if (released != null) {
+            cacheUsedBytes.addAndGet(-released);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public long getAvailableCacheBudget() {
+        long budgetBytes = (long) properties.getCacheBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+        return Math.max(0, budgetBytes - cacheUsedBytes.get());
+    }
+
+    // ── 쿼리 메모리 관리 (FIFO 대기 큐) ──
+
+    /**
+     * 쿼리 메모리 예약 — 예산 부족 시 FIFO 대기
+     *
+     * @param queryId     쿼리 식별자
+     * @param estimatedBytes 추정 메모리 (보정 전 raw 값)
+     * @param maxWaitMs   최대 대기 시간 (밀리초)
+     * @throws MemoryBudgetExceededException 단일 쿼리 상한 초과 또는 타임아웃
+     */
+    public void reserveQueryMemory(String queryId, long estimatedBytes, long maxWaitMs) {
+        long correctedBytes = applyCorrection(estimatedBytes);
+        long maxSingleBytes = (long) properties.getMaxSingleQueryGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+        // 단일 쿼리 상한 체크
+        if (correctedBytes > maxSingleBytes) {
+            throw new MemoryBudgetExceededException(
+                    String.format("단일 쿼리 메모리 상한 초과: estimated=%dMB, max=%dMB",
+                            correctedBytes / (1024 * 1024), maxSingleBytes / (1024 * 1024)));
+        }
+
+        queryLock.lock();
+        try {
+            // 즉시 예약 가능한지 확인
+            if (canReserveQuery(correctedBytes)) {
+                doReserve(queryId, correctedBytes);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // 대기 큐 진입
+            waitingQueryCount.incrementAndGet();
+            long deadline = System.nanoTime() + maxWaitMs * 1_000_000L;
+            try {
+                while (!canReserveQuery(correctedBytes)) {
+                    long remainingNanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
+                    if (remainingNanos <= 0) {
+                        throw new MemoryBudgetExceededException(
+                                String.format("쿼리 메모리 대기 타임아웃: %dms, queryUsed=%dMB, budget=%dMB",
+                                        maxWaitMs, queryUsedBytes.get() / (1024 * 1024),
+                                        (long) properties.getQueryBudgetGb() * 1024));
+                    }
+                    queryBudgetAvailable.awaitNanos(remainingNanos);
+                }
+                doReserve(queryId, correctedBytes);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                throw new MemoryBudgetExceededException("쿼리 메모리 대기 중 인터럽트 발생");
+            } finally {
+                waitingQueryCount.decrementAndGet();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            queryLock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 쿼리 메모리 해제 후 대기 쿼리 시그널
+     */
+    public void releaseQueryMemory(String queryId) {
+        Long released = queryAllocations.remove(queryId);
+        if (released != null) {
+            queryUsedBytes.addAndGet(-released);
+            queryLock.lock();
+            try {
+                queryBudgetAvailable.signalAll();
+            } finally {
+                queryLock.unlock();
+            }
+            log.debug("[MemoryBudget] 쿼리 메모리 해제: queryId={}, released={}MB, remaining={}MB",
+                    queryId, released / (1024 * 1024), queryUsedBytes.get() / (1024 * 1024));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 쿼리 메모리 중간 업데이트 (실제 사용량이 추정과 다를 때)
+     */
+    public void updateQueryMemory(String queryId, long actualBytes) {
+        long corrected = applyCorrection(actualBytes);
+        Long previous = queryAllocations.put(queryId, corrected);
+        if (previous != null) {
+            queryUsedBytes.addAndGet(corrected - previous);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── 모니터링 ──
+
+    /**
+     * 예산 현황 (모니터링 API용)
+     */
+    public Map<String, Object> getBudgetStatus() {
+        Map<String, Object> status = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        long cacheUsed = cacheUsedBytes.get();
+        long queryUsed = queryUsedBytes.get();
+        long totalUsed = cacheUsed + queryUsed;
+        long cacheBudget = (long) properties.getCacheBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+        long queryBudget = (long) properties.getQueryBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+        // 전체
+        Map<String, Object> total = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        total.put("totalGb", properties.getTotalBudgetGb());
+        total.put("usedMb", totalUsed / (1024 * 1024));
+        total.put("usagePercent", String.format("%.1f", totalUsed * 100.0 / ((long) properties.getTotalBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)));
+        total.put("status", getUsageStatus(totalUsed, (long) properties.getTotalBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024));
+        status.put("totalBudget", total);
+
+        // 캐시
+        Map<String, Object> cacheInfo = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        cacheInfo.put("budgetGb", properties.getCacheBudgetGb());
+        cacheInfo.put("usedMb", cacheUsed / (1024 * 1024));
+        cacheInfo.put("usagePercent", cacheBudget > 0 ? String.format("%.1f", cacheUsed * 100.0 / cacheBudget) : "0.0");
+        cacheInfo.put("allocations", cacheAllocations.size());
+        status.put("cacheBudget", cacheInfo);
+
+        // 쿼리
+        Map<String, Object> queryInfo = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        queryInfo.put("budgetGb", properties.getQueryBudgetGb());
+        queryInfo.put("usedMb", queryUsed / (1024 * 1024));
+        queryInfo.put("usagePercent", queryBudget > 0 ? String.format("%.1f", queryUsed * 100.0 / queryBudget) : "0.0");
+        queryInfo.put("activeReservations", queryAllocations.size());
+        queryInfo.put("waitingCount", waitingQueryCount.get());
+        status.put("queryBudget", queryInfo);
+
+        // JVM 힙
+        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
+        long usedHeap = runtime.totalMemory() - runtime.freeMemory();
+        long maxHeap = runtime.maxMemory();
+        Map<String, Object> heap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        heap.put("usedMb", usedHeap / (1024 * 1024));
+        heap.put("maxMb", maxHeap / (1024 * 1024));
+        heap.put("usagePercent", String.format("%.1f", usedHeap * 100.0 / maxHeap));
+        status.put("heapInfo", heap);
+
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBudgetPressureHigh() {
+        long totalUsed = cacheUsedBytes.get() + queryUsedBytes.get();
+        long totalBudget = (long) properties.getTotalBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+        double ratio = (double) totalUsed / totalBudget;
+        if (ratio >= properties.getWarningThreshold()) {
+            logBudgetPressure(ratio);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // ── 내부 메서드 ──
+
+    private boolean canReserveQuery(long bytes) {
+        long budgetBytes = (long) properties.getQueryBudgetGb() * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
+        return queryUsedBytes.get() + bytes <= budgetBytes;
+    }
+
+    private void doReserve(String queryId, long correctedBytes) {
+        queryAllocations.put(queryId, correctedBytes);
+        queryUsedBytes.addAndGet(correctedBytes);
+        log.debug("[MemoryBudget] 쿼리 메모리 예약: queryId={}, reserved={}MB, queryTotal={}MB",
+                queryId, correctedBytes / (1024 * 1024), queryUsedBytes.get() / (1024 * 1024));
+    }
+
+    private long applyCorrection(long rawEstimate) {
+        return (long) (rawEstimate * properties.getEstimationCorrectionFactor());
+    }
+
+    private String getUsageStatus(long used, long total) {
+        if (total == 0) return "UNKNOWN";
+        double ratio = (double) used / total;
+        if (ratio >= properties.getCriticalThreshold()) return "CRITICAL";
+        if (ratio >= properties.getWarningThreshold()) return "WARNING";
+        return "NORMAL";
+    }
+
+    private void logBudgetPressure(double ratio) {
+        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        if (now - lastPressureLogTime > 5000) {
+            lastPressureLogTime = now;
+            log.warn("[MemoryBudget] 예산 압박: usage={}, cache={}MB, query={}MB, waiting={}",
+                    String.format("%.1f%%", ratio * 100),
+                    cacheUsedBytes.get() / (1024 * 1024),
+                    queryUsedBytes.get() / (1024 * 1024),
+                    waitingQueryCount.get());
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/gc/mda/signal_batch/monitoring/controller/CacheMonitoringController.java

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import gc.mda.signal_batch.batch.reader.FiveMinTrackCache;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.batch.reader.HourlyTrackCache;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.domain.vessel.service.VesselLatestPositionCache;
 import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service.DailyTrackCacheManager;
+import gc.mda.signal_batch.global.websocket.service.TrackMemoryBudgetManager;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation;
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.tags.Tag;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@@ -45,6 +46,9 @@ public class CacheMonitoringController {
     @Autowired(required = false)
     private VesselLatestPositionCache latestPositionCache;
 
+    @Autowired
+    private TrackMemoryBudgetManager memoryBudgetManager;
+
     /**
      * 캐시 통계 조회 (Dashboard 표시용 — 전체 캐시 집계)
      */
@@ -189,4 +193,13 @@ public class CacheMonitoringController {
         health.put("latestPosition", latestPositionCache != null ? "UP" : "DISABLED");
         return ResponseEntity.ok(health);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * 메모리 예산 현황 (캐시 + 쿼리 파티셔닝 + JVM 힙)
+     */
+    @GetMapping("/budget")
+    @Operation(summary = "메모리 예산 현황", description = "캐시/쿼리 메모리 예산 사용량, 대기 큐, JVM 힙 정보를 조회합니다")
+    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> getMemoryBudgetStatus() {
+        return ResponseEntity.ok(memoryBudgetManager.getBudgetStatus());
+    }
 }

src/main/resources/application-prod.yml

@@ -211,6 +211,9 @@ vessel:  # spring 하위가 아닌 최상위 레벨
         max-size: 60000              # 최대 60,000척
         refresh-interval-minutes: 2  # 2분치 데이터 조회 (수집 지연 고려)
 
+      # L2 HourlyTrackCache 간소화 (운영 환경 활성화)
+      hourly-simplification:
+        enabled: true                # 운영 환경: 활성화
 
     # 비정상 궤적 검출 설정 (개선됨)
     abnormal-detection:
@@ -284,6 +287,18 @@ cache:
     max-memory-gb: 6              # 최대 6GB (일 평균 ~720MB × 7일 = ~5GB)
     warmup-async: true            # 비동기 워밍업 (서버 시작 차단 없음)
 
+# 항적 데이터 메모리 예산 (64GB JVM 기준)
+track:
+  memory-budget:
+    total-budget-gb: 64              # 전체 JVM 힙
+    cache-budget-gb: 35              # L1+L2+L3 캐시 (L3 5GB + L2 ~14GB + L1 ~3GB + 여유 13GB)
+    query-budget-gb: 20              # REST/WebSocket 동시 쿼리 (동시 60쿼리 × ~300MB)
+    max-single-query-gb: 5           # 단일 쿼리 상한
+    estimation-correction-factor: 1.8  # 실측 기반 보정 계수
+    queue-timeout-seconds: 60
+    warning-threshold: 0.8
+    critical-threshold: 0.95
+
 # WebSocket 부하 제어 설정
 websocket:
   query:

src/main/resources/application.yml

@@ -272,6 +272,13 @@ vessel:
         ttl-minutes: 120             # 캐시 TTL: 120분 (위성 AIS 30~60분 간격 고려)
         max-size: 100000             # 최대 선박 수: 100,000척 (2시간 누적 고려)
 
+      # L2 HourlyTrackCache 간소화 설정
+      hourly-simplification:
+        enabled: false               # 기본값: 비활성화 (프로파일별로 활성화)
+        cron: "0 30 6,12,18 * * *"   # 06:30, 12:30, 18:30 실행
+        hours-ago: 6                 # 6시간 이상 경과 엔트리 대상
+        sample-rate: 2               # 매 2번째 포인트만 유지 (~50% 감소)
+
 # ==================== S&P Global AIS API 설정 ====================
 app:
   ais-api:
@@ -301,6 +308,18 @@ app:
     warmup-enabled: true
     warmup-days: 7
 
+# 항적 데이터 메모리 예산 (논리적 파티셔닝)
+track:
+  memory-budget:
+    total-budget-gb: 64              # 전체 JVM 힙 예산
+    cache-budget-gb: 35              # L1/L2/L3 캐시 (55%)
+    query-budget-gb: 20              # REST/WebSocket 동시 쿼리 (31%)
+    max-single-query-gb: 5           # 단일 쿼리 상한
+    estimation-correction-factor: 1.8  # 메모리 추정 보정 계수
+    queue-timeout-seconds: 60        # 쿼리 대기 큐 타임아웃
+    warning-threshold: 0.8           # 예산 경고 임계값 (80%)
+    critical-threshold: 0.95         # 예산 위험 임계값 (95%)
+
 # Swagger/OpenAPI 설정
 springdoc:
   api-docs: