diff --git a/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.md b/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.md
index 66ae927..f4c4c81 100644
--- a/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.md
+++ b/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.md
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 ## [Unreleased]
 
 ### 변경
+- **i18n 하드코딩 한글 제거 (alert/confirm/aria-label 우선순위)** — `common.json` 에 `aria` / `error` / `dialog` / `success` / `message` 네임스페이스 추가 (ko/en 대칭, 52개 키). 운영자 노출 `alert('실패: ' + msg)` 11건과 접근성 위반 `aria-label="역할 코드"` 등 40+건을 `t('aria.*')` / `t('error.*')` / `t('dialog.*')` 로 일괄 치환. parent-inference / admin / detection / enforcement / vessel / statistics / ai-operations 전 영역. MainLayout 언어 토글은 `title={t('message.switchToEnglish')}` + `aria-label={t('aria.languageToggle')}` 로 정비
 - **iran 백엔드 프록시 잔재 제거** — `IranBackendClient` dead class 삭제, `application.yml` 의 `iran-backend:` 블록 + `AppProperties.IranBackend` inner class 정리. prediction 이 kcgaidb 에 직접 write 하는 현 아키텍처에 맞춰 CLAUDE.md 시스템 구성 다이어그램 최신화. Frontend UI 라벨 `iran 백엔드 (분석)` → `AI 분석 엔진` 로 교체, system-flow manifest `external.iran_backend` 노드는 `status: deprecated` 마킹(노드 ID 안정성 원칙 준수, 1~2 릴리즈 후 삭제 예정)
 - **백엔드 계층 분리** — AlertController/MasterDataController/AdminStatsController 에서 repository·JdbcTemplate 직접 주입 패턴 제거. `AlertService` · `MasterDataService` · `AdminStatsService` 신규 계층 도입 + `@Transactional(readOnly=true)` 적용. 공통 `RestClientConfig @Configuration` 으로 `predictionRestClient` / `signalBatchRestClient` Bean 통합 → Proxy controller 들의 `@PostConstruct` ad-hoc 생성 제거
 - **감사 로그 보강** — `EnforcementService` 의 createRecord / updateRecord / createPlan 에 `@Auditable` 추가 (ENFORCEMENT_CREATE/UPDATE/PLAN_CREATE). `VesselAnalysisGroupService.resolveParent` 에 `PARENT_RESOLVE` 액션 기록. 모든 쓰기 액션이 `auth_audit_log` 에 자동 수집
diff --git a/frontend/src/app/layout/MainLayout.tsx b/frontend/src/app/layout/MainLayout.tsx
index 115a90e..2ce6dcb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/app/layout/MainLayout.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/app/layout/MainLayout.tsx
@@ -282,8 +282,9 @@ export function MainLayout() {
             {/* 언어 토글 */}
             <button
               onClick={toggleLanguage}
+              aria-label={t('aria.languageToggle')}
               className="px-2 py-1 rounded-lg text-[10px] font-bold bg-surface-overlay border border-border text-label hover:text-heading transition-colors whitespace-nowrap"
-              title={language === 'ko' ? 'Switch to English' : '한국어로 전환'}
+              title={language === 'ko' ? t('message.switchToEnglish') : t('message.switchToKorean')}
             >
               {language === 'ko' ? 'EN' : '한국어'}
             </button>
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ export function MainLayout() {
           <div className="relative flex items-center">
             <Search className="absolute left-2.5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 w-3 h-3 text-hint pointer-events-none" />
             <input
-              aria-label="페이지 내 검색"
+              aria-label={t('aria.searchInPage')}
               value={pageSearch}
               onChange={(e) => setPageSearch(e.target.value)}
               onKeyDown={(e) => {
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/admin/AccessControl.tsx b/frontend/src/features/admin/AccessControl.tsx
index a8308dc..c9fd72e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/admin/AccessControl.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/admin/AccessControl.tsx
@@ -94,12 +94,12 @@ export function AccessControl() {
   }, [tab, loadUsers, loadAudit]);
 
   const handleUnlock = async (userId: string, acnt: string) => {
-    if (!confirm(`계정 ${acnt} 잠금을 해제하시겠습니까?`)) return;
+    if (!confirm(`${acnt} ${tc('dialog.genericRemove')}`)) return;
     try {
       await unlockUser(userId);
       await loadUsers();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.operationFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     }
   };
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/admin/DataHub.tsx b/frontend/src/features/admin/DataHub.tsx
index 38a57a4..5b3ba0b 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/admin/DataHub.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/admin/DataHub.tsx
@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@ type Tab = 'signal' | 'monitor' | 'collect' | 'load' | 'agents';
 
 export function DataHub() {
   const { t } = useTranslation('admin');
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const [tab, setTab] = useState<Tab>('signal');
   const [selectedDate, setSelectedDate] = useState('2026-04-02');
   const [statusFilter, setStatusFilter] = useState<'' | 'ON' | 'OFF'>('');
@@ -442,7 +443,7 @@ export function DataHub() {
               <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
                 <div className="relative">
                   <input
-                    aria-label="수신 현황 기준일"
+                    aria-label={tc('aria.receiptDate')}
                     type="date"
                     value={selectedDate}
                     onChange={(e) => setSelectedDate(e.target.value)}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/admin/NoticeManagement.tsx b/frontend/src/features/admin/NoticeManagement.tsx
index 8d1a5b0..3017241 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/admin/NoticeManagement.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/admin/NoticeManagement.tsx
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ const ROLE_OPTIONS = ['ADMIN', 'OPERATOR', 'ANALYST', 'FIELD', 'VIEWER'];
 
 export function NoticeManagement() {
   const { t } = useTranslation('admin');
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const { hasPermission } = useAuth();
   const canCreate = hasPermission('admin:notices', 'CREATE');
   const canUpdate = hasPermission('admin:notices', 'UPDATE');
@@ -265,7 +266,7 @@ export function NoticeManagement() {
               <span className="text-sm font-bold text-heading">
                 {editingId ? '알림 수정' : '새 알림 등록'}
               </span>
-              <button type="button" aria-label="닫기" onClick={() => setShowForm(false)} className="text-hint hover:text-heading">
+              <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.close')} onClick={() => setShowForm(false)} className="text-hint hover:text-heading">
                 <X className="w-4 h-4" />
               </button>
             </div>
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ export function NoticeManagement() {
               <div>
                 <label className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground font-medium mb-1 block">제목</label>
                 <input
-                  aria-label="알림 제목"
+                  aria-label={tc('aria.noticeTitle')}
                   value={form.title}
                   onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, title: e.target.value })}
                   className="w-full bg-surface-overlay border border-slate-700/50 rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-[11px] text-heading placeholder:text-hint focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-500/50"
@@ -287,7 +288,7 @@ export function NoticeManagement() {
               <div>
                 <label className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground font-medium mb-1 block">내용</label>
                 <textarea
-                  aria-label="알림 내용"
+                  aria-label={tc('aria.noticeContent')}
                   value={form.message}
                   onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, message: e.target.value })}
                   rows={3}
@@ -343,7 +344,7 @@ export function NoticeManagement() {
                 <div>
                   <label className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground font-medium mb-1 block">시작일</label>
                   <input
-                    aria-label="시작일"
+                    aria-label={tc('aria.dateFrom')}
                     type="date"
                     value={form.startDate}
                     onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, startDate: e.target.value })}
@@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ export function NoticeManagement() {
                 <div>
                   <label className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground font-medium mb-1 block">종료일</label>
                   <input
-                    aria-label="종료일"
+                    aria-label={tc('aria.dateTo')}
                     type="date"
                     value={form.endDate}
                     onChange={(e) => setForm({ ...form, endDate: e.target.value })}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/admin/PermissionsPanel.tsx b/frontend/src/features/admin/PermissionsPanel.tsx
index 55d9c9e..666a256 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/admin/PermissionsPanel.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/admin/PermissionsPanel.tsx
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { useSettingsStore } from '@stores/settingsStore';
 import { getRoleBadgeStyle, ROLE_DEFAULT_PALETTE } from '@shared/constants/userRoles';
 import { ColorPicker } from '@shared/components/common/ColorPicker';
 import { updateRole as apiUpdateRole } from '@/services/adminApi';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 
 /**
  * 트리 기반 권한 관리 패널 (wing 패턴).
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ type DraftPerms = Map<string, 'Y' | 'N' | null>;  // null = 명시 권한 제거
 function makeKey(rsrcCd: string, operCd: string) { return `${rsrcCd}::${operCd}`; }
 
 export function PermissionsPanel() {
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const { hasPermission } = useAuth();
   const canCreateRole = hasPermission('admin:role-management', 'CREATE');
   const canDeleteRole = hasPermission('admin:role-management', 'DELETE');
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ export function PermissionsPanel() {
 
       await updateRolePermissions(selectedRole.roleSn, changes);
       await load();  // 새로 가져와서 동기화
-      alert(`권한 ${changes.length}건 갱신되었습니다.`);
+      alert(`${tc('success.permissionUpdated')} (${changes.length})`);
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown');
     } finally {
@@ -247,7 +249,7 @@ export function PermissionsPanel() {
       setNewRoleColor(ROLE_DEFAULT_PALETTE[0]);
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('생성 실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.createFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     }
   };
 
@@ -257,23 +259,23 @@ export function PermissionsPanel() {
       await load();
       setEditingColor(null);
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('색상 변경 실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.updateFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     }
   };
 
   const handleDeleteRole = async () => {
     if (!selectedRole) return;
     if (selectedRole.builtinYn === 'Y') {
-      alert('내장 역할은 삭제할 수 없습니다.');
+      alert(tc('message.builtinRoleCannotDelete'));
       return;
     }
-    if (!confirm(`"${selectedRole.roleNm}" 역할을 삭제하시겠습니까?`)) return;
+    if (!confirm(`"${selectedRole.roleNm}" ${tc('dialog.deleteRole')}`)) return;
     try {
       await deleteRole(selectedRole.roleSn);
       setSelectedRoleSn(null);
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('삭제 실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.deleteFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     }
   };
 
@@ -365,7 +367,7 @@ export function PermissionsPanel() {
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      {error && <div className="text-xs text-heading">에러: {error}</div>}
+      {error && <div className="text-xs text-heading">{tc('error.errorPrefix', { msg: error })}</div>}
 
       {loading && <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-12 text-muted-foreground"><Loader2 className="w-5 h-5 animate-spin" /></div>}
 
@@ -394,11 +396,11 @@ export function PermissionsPanel() {
 
               {showCreate && (
                 <div className="mb-2 p-2 bg-surface-overlay rounded space-y-1.5">
-                  <input aria-label="역할 코드" value={newRoleCd} onChange={(e) => setNewRoleCd(e.target.value.toUpperCase())}
+                  <input aria-label={tc('aria.roleCode')} value={newRoleCd} onChange={(e) => setNewRoleCd(e.target.value.toUpperCase())}
                          placeholder="ROLE_CD (대문자)"
                          className="w-full bg-background border border-border rounded px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-heading" />
-                  <input aria-label="역할 이름" value={newRoleNm} onChange={(e) => setNewRoleNm(e.target.value)}
-                         placeholder="역할 이름"
+                  <input aria-label={tc('aria.roleName')} value={newRoleNm} onChange={(e) => setNewRoleNm(e.target.value)}
+                         placeholder={tc('aria.roleName')}
                          className="w-full bg-background border border-border rounded px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-heading" />
                   <ColorPicker label="배지 색상" value={newRoleColor} onChange={setNewRoleColor} />
                   <div className="flex gap-1 pt-1">
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/admin/SystemConfig.tsx b/frontend/src/features/admin/SystemConfig.tsx
index f1f76d2..965deb8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/admin/SystemConfig.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/admin/SystemConfig.tsx
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ const SYSTEM_SETTINGS = {
 
 export function SystemConfig() {
   const { t } = useTranslation('admin');
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const [tab, setTab] = useState<CodeTab>('areas');
   const [query, setQuery] = useState('');
   const [majorFilter, setMajorFilter] = useState('');
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ export function SystemConfig() {
           <div className="relative flex-1 max-w-md">
             <Search className="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 w-3.5 h-3.5 text-hint" />
             <input
-              aria-label="코드 검색"
+              aria-label={tc('aria.searchCode')}
               value={query}
               onChange={(e) => { setQuery(e.target.value); setPage(0); }}
               placeholder={
@@ -233,7 +234,7 @@ export function SystemConfig() {
           <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
             <Filter className="w-3.5 h-3.5 text-hint" />
             <select
-              aria-label="대분류 필터"
+              aria-label={tc('aria.categoryFilter')}
               value={majorFilter}
               onChange={(e) => { setMajorFilter(e.target.value); setPage(0); }}
               className="bg-surface-overlay border border-slate-700/50 rounded-lg px-3 py-2 text-[11px] text-label focus:outline-none focus:border-cyan-500/50"
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/admin/UserRoleAssignDialog.tsx b/frontend/src/features/admin/UserRoleAssignDialog.tsx
index 36b5e90..b18abab 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/admin/UserRoleAssignDialog.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/admin/UserRoleAssignDialog.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { X, Check, Loader2 } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { Badge } from '@shared/components/ui/badge';
 import { fetchRoles, assignUserRoles, type RoleWithPermissions, type AdminUser } from '@/services/adminApi';
 import { getRoleBadgeStyle } from '@shared/constants/userRoles';
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ interface Props {
 }
 
 export function UserRoleAssignDialog({ user, onClose, onSaved }: Props) {
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const [roles, setRoles] = useState<RoleWithPermissions[]>([]);
   const [selected, setSelected] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ export function UserRoleAssignDialog({ user, onClose, onSaved }: Props) {
       onSaved();
       onClose();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.operationFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     } finally {
       setSaving(false);
     }
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ export function UserRoleAssignDialog({ user, onClose, onSaved }: Props) {
               {user.userAcnt} ({user.userNm}) - 다중 역할 가능 (OR 합집합)
             </div>
           </div>
-          <button type="button" aria-label="닫기" onClick={onClose} className="text-hint hover:text-heading">
+          <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.closeDialog')} onClick={onClose} className="text-hint hover:text-heading">
             <X className="w-4 h-4" />
           </button>
         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIAssistant.tsx b/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIAssistant.tsx
index a3f6b29..ee3a99d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIAssistant.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIAssistant.tsx
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ const INITIAL_MESSAGES: Message[] = [
 
 export function AIAssistant() {
   const { t } = useTranslation('ai');
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const [messages, setMessages] = useState<Message[]>(INITIAL_MESSAGES);
   const [input, setInput] = useState('');
   const [selectedConv, setSelectedConv] = useState('1');
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ export function AIAssistant() {
               placeholder="질의를 입력하세요... (법령, 단속 절차, AI 분석 결과 등)"
               className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-slate-700/50 rounded-xl px-4 py-2.5 text-[11px] text-heading placeholder:text-hint focus:outline-none focus:border-green-500/50"
             />
-            <button type="button" aria-label="전송" onClick={handleSend} className="px-4 py-2.5 bg-green-600 hover:bg-green-500 text-on-vivid rounded-xl transition-colors">
+            <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.send')} onClick={handleSend} className="px-4 py-2.5 bg-green-600 hover:bg-green-500 text-on-vivid rounded-xl transition-colors">
               <Send className="w-4 h-4" />
             </button>
           </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIModelManagement.tsx b/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIModelManagement.tsx
index 29a6a82..4a66cb8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIModelManagement.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/AIModelManagement.tsx
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ export function AIModelManagement() {
                   <div>
                     <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-1">
                       <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">격자별 위험도 조회 (파라미터: 좌표 범위, 시간)</span>
-                      <button type="button" aria-label="예시 URL 복사" onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText('GET /api/v1/predictions/grid?lat_min=36.0&lat_max=38.0&lon_min=124.0&lon_max=126.0&time=2026-04-03T09:00Z')} className="text-hint hover:text-muted-foreground"><Copy className="w-3 h-3" /></button>
+                      <button type="button" aria-label={tcCommon('aria.copyExampleUrl')} onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText('GET /api/v1/predictions/grid?lat_min=36.0&lat_max=38.0&lon_min=124.0&lon_max=126.0&time=2026-04-03T09:00Z')} className="text-hint hover:text-muted-foreground"><Copy className="w-3 h-3" /></button>
                     </div>
                     <pre className="bg-background border border-border rounded-lg p-3 text-[9px] font-mono text-muted-foreground overflow-x-auto">
 {`GET /api/v1/predictions/grid
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/MLOpsPage.tsx b/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/MLOpsPage.tsx
index 5b574bf..b4fad15 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/MLOpsPage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/ai-operations/MLOpsPage.tsx
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ const WORKERS = [
 
 export function MLOpsPage() {
   const { t } = useTranslation('ai');
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const [tab, setTab] = useState<Tab>('dashboard');
   const [llmSub, setLlmSub] = useState<LLMSubTab>('train');
   const [selectedTmpl, setSelectedTmpl] = useState(0);
@@ -505,7 +506,7 @@ export function MLOpsPage() {
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex gap-2 shrink-0">
                   <input aria-label="LLM 질의 입력" className="flex-1 bg-background border border-border rounded-xl px-4 py-2 text-[11px] text-heading placeholder:text-hint focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-500/40" placeholder="질의를 입력하세요..." />
-                  <button type="button" aria-label="전송" className="px-4 py-2 bg-blue-600 hover:bg-blue-500 text-on-vivid rounded-xl"><Send className="w-4 h-4" /></button>
+                  <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.send')} className="px-4 py-2 bg-blue-600 hover:bg-blue-500 text-on-vivid rounded-xl"><Send className="w-4 h-4" /></button>
                 </div>
               </CardContent></Card>
             </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/ChinaFishing.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/ChinaFishing.tsx
index e5ed01b..e13c997 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/ChinaFishing.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/ChinaFishing.tsx
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ export function ChinaFishing() {
         </button>
         <div className="flex-1 flex items-center bg-surface-overlay border border-slate-700/40 rounded-lg px-3 py-1.5">
           <Search className="w-3.5 h-3.5 text-hint mr-2" />
-          <input aria-label="해역 또는 해구 번호 검색"
+          <input aria-label={tcCommon('aria.searchAreaOrZone')}
             placeholder="해역 또는 해구 번호 검색"
             className="bg-transparent text-[11px] text-label placeholder:text-hint flex-1 focus:outline-none"
           />
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ export function ChinaFishing() {
                   <span className="text-sm font-bold text-heading">관심영역 안전도</span>
                   <Badge intent="warning" size="xs" className="font-normal">데모 데이터</Badge>
                 </div>
-                <select aria-label="관심영역 선택" className="bg-secondary border border-slate-700/50 rounded px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] text-label focus:outline-none">
+                <select aria-label={tcCommon('aria.areaOfInterestSelect')} className="bg-secondary border border-slate-700/50 rounded px-2 py-0.5 text-[10px] text-label focus:outline-none">
                   <option>영역 A</option>
                   <option>영역 B</option>
                 </select>
@@ -748,10 +748,10 @@ export function ChinaFishing() {
                   ))}
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex justify-between mt-2">
-                  <button type="button" aria-label="이전" className="text-hint hover:text-heading transition-colors">
+                  <button type="button" aria-label={tcCommon('aria.previous')} className="text-hint hover:text-heading transition-colors">
                     <ChevronLeft className="w-4 h-4" />
                   </button>
-                  <button type="button" aria-label="다음" className="text-hint hover:text-heading transition-colors">
+                  <button type="button" aria-label={tcCommon('aria.next')} className="text-hint hover:text-heading transition-colors">
                     <ChevronRight className="w-4 h-4" />
                   </button>
                 </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/GearDetection.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/GearDetection.tsx
index 43c7483..31cd0f1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/GearDetection.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/GearDetection.tsx
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ export function GearDetection() {
 
       {/* 필터 토글 버튼 */}
       <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-        <button type="button" onClick={() => setFilterOpen(!filterOpen)} aria-label="필터 설정"
+        <button type="button" onClick={() => setFilterOpen(!filterOpen)} aria-label={tc('aria.filterToggle')}
           className={`flex items-center gap-1.5 px-3 py-1.5 text-[11px] border rounded-lg transition-colors ${
             hasActiveFilter
               ? 'bg-primary/10 border-primary/40 text-heading'
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ export function GearDetection() {
         {hasActiveFilter && (
           <>
             <span className="text-[10px] text-hint">{filteredData.length}/{DATA.length}건</span>
-            <button type="button" aria-label="필터 초기화"
+            <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.filterReset')}
               onClick={() => { setFilterZone(new Set()); setFilterStatus(new Set()); setFilterRisk(new Set()); setFilterParentStatus(new Set()); setFilterPermit(new Set()); setFilterMemberMin(2); setFilterMemberMax(filterOptions.maxMember || Infinity); }}
               className="flex items-center gap-1 px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-hint hover:text-label rounded hover:bg-surface-raised">
               <X className="w-3 h-3" /> 초기화
@@ -547,12 +547,12 @@ export function GearDetection() {
                 <span className="text-[9px] text-hint w-6 text-right">{filterMemberMin}</span>
                 <input type="range" min={2} max={filterOptions.maxMember}
                   value={filterMemberMin} onChange={e => setFilterMemberMin(Number(e.target.value))}
-                  aria-label="최소 멤버 수"
+                  aria-label={tc('aria.memberCountMin')}
                   className="flex-1 h-1 accent-primary cursor-pointer" />
                 <input type="range" min={2} max={filterOptions.maxMember}
                   value={filterMemberMax === Infinity ? filterOptions.maxMember : filterMemberMax}
                   onChange={e => setFilterMemberMax(Number(e.target.value))}
-                  aria-label="최대 멤버 수"
+                  aria-label={tc('aria.memberCountMax')}
                   className="flex-1 h-1 accent-primary cursor-pointer" />
                 <span className="text-[9px] text-hint w-6">{filterMemberMax === Infinity ? filterOptions.maxMember : filterMemberMax}</span>
               </div>
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ export function GearDetection() {
           {/* 패널 내 초기화 */}
           <div className="pt-2 border-t border-border flex items-center justify-between">
             <span className="text-[10px] text-hint">{filteredData.length}/{DATA.length}건 표시</span>
-            <button type="button" aria-label="필터 초기화"
+            <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.filterReset')}
               onClick={() => { setFilterZone(new Set()); setFilterStatus(new Set()); setFilterRisk(new Set()); setFilterParentStatus(new Set()); setFilterPermit(new Set()); setFilterMemberMin(2); setFilterMemberMax(filterOptions.maxMember || Infinity); }}
               className="flex items-center gap-1 px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-hint hover:text-label rounded hover:bg-surface-overlay">
               <X className="w-3 h-3" /> 전체 초기화
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/RealGearGroups.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/RealGearGroups.tsx
index 2e3113c..fd537a2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/RealGearGroups.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/RealGearGroups.tsx
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ export function RealGearGroups() {
             </div>
           </div>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <select aria-label="그룹 유형 필터" value={filterType} onChange={(e) => setFilterType(e.target.value)}
+            <select aria-label={tc('aria.groupTypeFilter')} value={filterType} onChange={(e) => setFilterType(e.target.value)}
                     className="bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-heading">
               <option value="">전체</option>
               <option value="FLEET">FLEET</option>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/RealVesselAnalysis.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/RealVesselAnalysis.tsx
index c22e88f..95221b5 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/RealVesselAnalysis.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/RealVesselAnalysis.tsx
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ export function RealVesselAnalysis({ mode, title, icon, mmsiPrefix, minRiskScore
             </div>
           </div>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <select aria-label="해역 필터" value={zoneFilter} onChange={(e) => setZoneFilter(e.target.value)}
+            <select aria-label={t('aria.regionFilter')} value={zoneFilter} onChange={(e) => setZoneFilter(e.target.value)}
                     className="bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-heading">
               <option value="">전체 해역</option>
               <option value="TERRITORIAL_SEA">영해</option>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/DarkDetailPanel.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/DarkDetailPanel.tsx
index 63e0155..7b388bf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/DarkDetailPanel.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/DarkDetailPanel.tsx
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 import { useEffect, useState, useMemo, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { Badge } from '@shared/components/ui/badge';
 import { Button } from '@shared/components/ui/button';
 import { ScoreBreakdown } from '@shared/components/common/ScoreBreakdown';
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ interface DarkDetailPanelProps {
 
 export function DarkDetailPanel({ vessel, onClose }: DarkDetailPanelProps) {
   const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const [history, setHistory] = useState<VesselAnalysis[]>([]);
 
   const features = vessel?.features ?? {};
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ export function DarkDetailPanel({ vessel, onClose }: DarkDetailPanelProps) {
           <Badge intent={getAlertLevelIntent(darkTier)} size="sm">{darkTier}</Badge>
           <span className="text-xs font-mono font-bold text-heading">{darkScore}점</span>
         </div>
-        <button type="button" onClick={onClose} className="p-1 hover:bg-surface-raised rounded" aria-label="닫기">
+        <button type="button" onClick={onClose} className="p-1 hover:bg-surface-raised rounded" aria-label={tc('aria.close')}>
           <X className="w-4 h-4 text-hint" />
         </button>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearDetailPanel.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearDetailPanel.tsx
index 9588f65..691ff35 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearDetailPanel.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearDetailPanel.tsx
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ interface GearDetailPanelProps {
 export function GearDetailPanel({ gear, onClose }: GearDetailPanelProps) {
   const navigate = useNavigate();
   const { t } = useTranslation('detection');
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const lang = useSettingsStore((s) => s.language);
   const [correlations, setCorrelations] = useState<CorrelationItem[]>([]);
   const [corrLoading, setCorrLoading] = useState(false);
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ export function GearDetailPanel({ gear, onClose }: GearDetailPanelProps) {
             {getZoneCodeLabel(gear.zone, t, lang)}
           </Badge>
         </div>
-        <button type="button" onClick={onClose} className="p-1 hover:bg-surface-raised rounded" aria-label="닫기">
+        <button type="button" onClick={onClose} className="p-1 hover:bg-surface-raised rounded" aria-label={tc('aria.close')}>
           <X className="w-4 h-4 text-hint" />
         </button>
       </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearReplayController.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearReplayController.tsx
index d8e571a..68c351c 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearReplayController.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/GearReplayController.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  * Zustand subscribe 패턴으로 DOM 직접 업데이트 → 재생 중 React re-render 없음.
  */
 import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { Button } from '@shared/components/ui/button';
 import { useGearReplayStore } from '@stores/gearReplayStore';
 import { Play, Pause, X } from 'lucide-react';
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ function formatEpochTime(epochMs: number): string {
 }
 
 export function GearReplayController({ onClose }: GearReplayControllerProps) {
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const play = useGearReplayStore((s) => s.play);
   const pause = useGearReplayStore((s) => s.pause);
   const seek = useGearReplayStore((s) => s.seek);
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ export function GearReplayController({ onClose }: GearReplayControllerProps) {
           className="flex-1 h-2 bg-surface-raised rounded-full cursor-pointer relative overflow-hidden min-w-[80px]"
           onClick={handleTrackClick}
           role="slider"
-          aria-label="재생 위치"
+          aria-label={tc('aria.replayPosition')}
           aria-valuemin={0}
           aria-valuemax={100}
           aria-valuenow={Math.round(initialPct)}
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ export function GearReplayController({ onClose }: GearReplayControllerProps) {
         {/* Close */}
         <button
           type="button"
-          aria-label="재생 닫기"
+          aria-label={tc('aria.replayClose')}
           onClick={onClose}
           className="shrink-0 p-1 hover:bg-surface-raised rounded"
         >
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/VesselMiniMap.tsx b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/VesselMiniMap.tsx
index 16d5d2a..d301a78 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/detection/components/VesselMiniMap.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/detection/components/VesselMiniMap.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  */
 import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { Loader2, Ship, Clock, X } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { Card, CardContent } from '@shared/components/ui/card';
 import { Badge } from '@shared/components/ui/badge';
 import { PathLayer, ScatterplotLayer } from 'deck.gl';
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ function fmt(ts: string | number): string {
 }
 
 export function VesselMiniMap({ mmsi, vesselName, hoursBack = 24, segments = [], onClose }: Props) {
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const mapRef = useRef<MapHandle | null>(null);
   const [track, setTrack] = useState<VesselTrack | null>(null);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ export function VesselMiniMap({ mmsi, vesselName, hoursBack = 24, segments = [],
             </div>
           </div>
           {onClose && (
-            <button type="button" onClick={onClose} aria-label="미니맵 닫기"
+            <button type="button" onClick={onClose} aria-label={tc('aria.miniMapClose')}
               className="p-1 rounded text-hint hover:text-heading hover:bg-surface-overlay shrink-0">
               <X className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
             </button>
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/enforcement/EventList.tsx b/frontend/src/features/enforcement/EventList.tsx
index 5f38f3f..1924eb6 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/enforcement/EventList.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/enforcement/EventList.tsx
@@ -171,25 +171,25 @@ export function EventList() {
         return (
           <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
             {isNew && (
-              <button type="button" aria-label="확인" title={canAck ? '확인(ACK)' : '확인 권한이 필요합니다'}
+              <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.confirmAction')} title={canAck ? '확인(ACK)' : '확인 권한이 필요합니다'}
                 className="p-0.5 rounded hover:bg-blue-500/20 text-blue-400 disabled:opacity-30 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
                 disabled={busy || !canAck} onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleAck(eid); }}>
                 <CheckCircle className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
               </button>
             )}
-            <button type="button" aria-label="선박 상세" title="선박 상세"
+            <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.vesselDetail')} title="선박 상세"
               className="p-0.5 rounded hover:bg-cyan-500/20 text-cyan-400"
               onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); if (row.mmsi !== '-') navigate(`/vessel/${row.mmsi}`); }}>
               <Ship className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
             </button>
             {isActionable && (
               <>
-                <button type="button" aria-label="단속 등록" title={canCreateEnforcement ? '단속 등록' : '단속 등록 권한이 필요합니다'}
+                <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.enforcementRegister')} title={canCreateEnforcement ? '단속 등록' : '단속 등록 권한이 필요합니다'}
                   className="p-0.5 rounded hover:bg-green-500/20 text-green-400 disabled:opacity-30 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
                   disabled={busy || !canCreateEnforcement} onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleCreateEnforcement(row); }}>
                   <Shield className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
                 </button>
-                <button type="button" aria-label="오탐 처리" title={canAck ? '오탐 처리' : '상태 변경 권한이 필요합니다'}
+                <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.falsePositiveProcess')} title={canAck ? '오탐 처리' : '상태 변경 권한이 필요합니다'}
                   className="p-0.5 rounded hover:bg-red-500/20 text-red-400 disabled:opacity-30 disabled:cursor-not-allowed"
                   disabled={busy || !canAck} onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); handleFalsePositive(eid); }}>
                   <Ban className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/LabelSession.tsx b/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/LabelSession.tsx
index dc72a2e..c9761a7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/LabelSession.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/LabelSession.tsx
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export function LabelSession() {
       setGroupKey(''); setLabelMmsi('');
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.operationFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     } finally {
       setBusy(null);
     }
@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ export function LabelSession() {
 
   const handleCancel = async (id: number) => {
     if (!canUpdate) return;
-    if (!confirm('세션을 취소하시겠습니까?')) return;
+    if (!confirm(tc('dialog.cancelSession'))) return;
     setBusy(id);
     try {
       await cancelLabelSession(id, '운영자 취소');
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.operationFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     } finally {
       setBusy(null);
     }
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export function LabelSession() {
           <>
             <Select
               size="sm"
-              aria-label="상태 필터"
+              aria-label={tc('aria.statusFilter')}
               title="상태 필터"
               value={filter}
               onChange={(e) => setFilter(e.target.value)}
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ export function LabelSession() {
             {!canCreate && <span className="text-yellow-400 text-[10px]">권한 없음</span>}
           </div>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <input aria-label="group_key" value={groupKey} onChange={(e) => setGroupKey(e.target.value)} placeholder="group_key"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.groupKey')} value={groupKey} onChange={(e) => setGroupKey(e.target.value)} placeholder="group_key"
                    className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreate} />
-            <input aria-label="sub_cluster_id" type="number" value={subCluster} onChange={(e) => setSubCluster(e.target.value)} placeholder="sub"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.subClusterId')} type="number" value={subCluster} onChange={(e) => setSubCluster(e.target.value)} placeholder="sub"
                    className="w-24 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreate} />
-            <input aria-label="정답 parent MMSI" value={labelMmsi} onChange={(e) => setLabelMmsi(e.target.value)} placeholder="정답 parent MMSI"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.correctParentMmsi')} value={labelMmsi} onChange={(e) => setLabelMmsi(e.target.value)} placeholder="정답 parent MMSI"
                    className="w-48 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreate} />
             <button type="button" onClick={handleCreate}
                     disabled={!canCreate || !groupKey || !labelMmsi || busy === -1}
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ export function LabelSession() {
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
 
-      {error && <div className="text-xs text-red-400">에러: {error}</div>}
+      {error && <div className="text-xs text-red-400">{tc('error.errorPrefix', { msg: error })}</div>}
 
       {loading && (
         <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-12 text-muted-foreground">
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentExclusion.tsx b/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentExclusion.tsx
index 36d3a32..66e0c32 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentExclusion.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentExclusion.tsx
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   type CandidateExclusion,
 } from '@/services/parentInferenceApi';
 import { formatDateTime } from '@shared/utils/dateFormat';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 
 /**
  * 모선 후보 제외 페이지.
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import { formatDateTime } from '@shared/utils/dateFormat';
  */
 
 export function ParentExclusion() {
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const { hasPermission } = useAuth();
   const canCreateGroup = hasPermission('parent-inference-workflow:parent-exclusion', 'CREATE');
   const canRelease = hasPermission('parent-inference-workflow:parent-exclusion', 'UPDATE');
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ export function ParentExclusion() {
       setGrpKey(''); setGrpMmsi(''); setGrpReason('');
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.operationFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     } finally {
       setBusy(null);
     }
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ export function ParentExclusion() {
       setGlbMmsi(''); setGlbReason('');
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.operationFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     } finally {
       setBusy(null);
     }
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ export function ParentExclusion() {
       await releaseExclusion(id, '운영자 해제');
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
-      alert('실패: ' + (e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown'));
+      alert(tc('error.operationFailed', { msg: e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown' }));
     } finally {
       setBusy(null);
     }
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ export function ParentExclusion() {
           <>
             <Select
               size="sm"
-              aria-label="스코프 필터"
+              aria-label={tc('aria.scopeFilter')}
               title="스코프 필터"
               value={filter}
               onChange={(e) => setFilter(e.target.value as '' | 'GROUP' | 'GLOBAL')}
@@ -139,13 +141,13 @@ export function ParentExclusion() {
             {!canCreateGroup && <span className="text-yellow-400 text-[10px]">권한 없음</span>}
           </div>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <input aria-label="group_key" value={grpKey} onChange={(e) => setGrpKey(e.target.value)} placeholder="group_key"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.groupKey')} value={grpKey} onChange={(e) => setGrpKey(e.target.value)} placeholder="group_key"
                    className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreateGroup} />
-            <input aria-label="sub_cluster_id" type="number" value={grpSub} onChange={(e) => setGrpSub(e.target.value)} placeholder="sub"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.subClusterId')} type="number" value={grpSub} onChange={(e) => setGrpSub(e.target.value)} placeholder="sub"
                    className="w-24 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreateGroup} />
-            <input aria-label="excluded MMSI" value={grpMmsi} onChange={(e) => setGrpMmsi(e.target.value)} placeholder="excluded MMSI"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.excludedMmsi')} value={grpMmsi} onChange={(e) => setGrpMmsi(e.target.value)} placeholder="excluded MMSI"
                    className="w-40 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreateGroup} />
-            <input aria-label="제외 사유" value={grpReason} onChange={(e) => setGrpReason(e.target.value)} placeholder="사유"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.exclusionReason')} value={grpReason} onChange={(e) => setGrpReason(e.target.value)} placeholder="사유"
                    className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreateGroup} />
             <button type="button" onClick={handleAddGroup}
                     disabled={!canCreateGroup || !grpKey || !grpMmsi || busy === -1}
@@ -165,9 +167,9 @@ export function ParentExclusion() {
             {!canCreateGlobal && <span className="text-yellow-400 text-[10px]">권한 없음</span>}
           </div>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <input aria-label="excluded MMSI (전역)" value={glbMmsi} onChange={(e) => setGlbMmsi(e.target.value)} placeholder="excluded MMSI"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.excludedMmsi')} value={glbMmsi} onChange={(e) => setGlbMmsi(e.target.value)} placeholder="excluded MMSI"
                    className="w-40 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreateGlobal} />
-            <input aria-label="전역 제외 사유" value={glbReason} onChange={(e) => setGlbReason(e.target.value)} placeholder="사유"
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.globalExclusionReason')} value={glbReason} onChange={(e) => setGlbReason(e.target.value)} placeholder="사유"
                    className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs" disabled={!canCreateGlobal} />
             <button type="button" onClick={handleAddGlobal}
                     disabled={!canCreateGlobal || !glbMmsi || busy === -2}
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ export function ParentExclusion() {
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
 
-      {error && <div className="text-xs text-red-400">에러: {error}</div>}
+      {error && <div className="text-xs text-red-400">{tc('error.errorPrefix', { msg: error })}</div>}
 
       {loading && (
         <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-12 text-muted-foreground">
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentReview.tsx b/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentReview.tsx
index b8df06c..ad96e70 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentReview.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/parent-inference/ParentReview.tsx
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ export function ParentReview() {
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown';
-      alert('처리 실패: ' + msg);
+      alert(tc('error.processFailed', { msg }));
     } finally {
       setActionLoading(null);
     }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ export function ParentReview() {
       await load();
     } catch (e: unknown) {
       const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : 'unknown';
-      alert('등록 실패: ' + msg);
+      alert(tc('error.registerFailed', { msg }));
     } finally {
       setActionLoading(null);
     }
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ export function ParentReview() {
             <div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mb-2">신규 모선 확정 등록 (테스트)</div>
             <div className="flex items-center gap-2">
               <input
-                aria-label="group_key"
+                aria-label={tc('aria.groupKey')}
                 type="text"
                 value={newGroupKey}
                 onChange={(e) => setNewGroupKey(e.target.value)}
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ export function ParentReview() {
                 className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-border rounded px-3 py-1.5 text-xs"
               />
               <input
-                aria-label="sub_cluster_id"
+                aria-label={tc('aria.subClusterId')}
                 type="number"
                 value={newSubCluster}
                 onChange={(e) => setNewSubCluster(e.target.value)}
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ export function ParentReview() {
       {error && (
         <Card>
           <CardContent className="p-4">
-            <div className="text-xs text-red-400">에러: {error}</div>
+            <div className="text-xs text-red-400">{tc('error.errorPrefix', { msg: error })}</div>
           </CardContent>
         </Card>
       )}
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/statistics/ReportManagement.tsx b/frontend/src/features/statistics/ReportManagement.tsx
index 48138b8..d0ee776 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/statistics/ReportManagement.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/statistics/ReportManagement.tsx
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ const reports: Report[] = [
 
 export function ReportManagement() {
   const { t } = useTranslation('statistics');
+  const { t: tc } = useTranslation('common');
   const [selected, setSelected] = useState<Report>(reports[0]);
   const [search, setSearch] = useState('');
   const [showUpload, setShowUpload] = useState(false);
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ export function ReportManagement() {
         <div className="rounded-xl border border-border bg-card p-4">
           <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-2">
             <span className="text-[11px] text-label font-bold">증거 파일 업로드 (사진·영상·문서)</span>
-            <button type="button" aria-label="업로드 패널 닫기" onClick={() => setShowUpload(false)} className="text-hint hover:text-muted-foreground"><X className="w-4 h-4" /></button>
+            <button type="button" aria-label={tc('aria.uploadPanelClose')} onClick={() => setShowUpload(false)} className="text-hint hover:text-muted-foreground"><X className="w-4 h-4" /></button>
           </div>
           <FileUpload accept=".jpg,.jpeg,.png,.mp4,.pdf,.hwp,.docx" multiple maxSizeMB={100} />
           <div className="flex justify-end mt-3">
diff --git a/frontend/src/features/vessel/VesselDetail.tsx b/frontend/src/features/vessel/VesselDetail.tsx
index 22491c5..905d75d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/features/vessel/VesselDetail.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/features/vessel/VesselDetail.tsx
@@ -201,11 +201,11 @@ export function VesselDetail() {
           <h2 className="text-sm font-bold text-heading">선박 상세 조회</h2>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
             <span className="text-[9px] text-hint w-14 shrink-0">시작/종료</span>
-            <input aria-label="조회 시작 시각" value={startDate} onChange={(e) => setStartDate(e.target.value)}
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.queryFrom')} value={startDate} onChange={(e) => setStartDate(e.target.value)}
               className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-slate-700/50 rounded px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-label focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-500/50"
               placeholder="YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm" />
             <span className="text-hint text-[10px]">~</span>
-            <input aria-label="조회 종료 시각" value={endDate} onChange={(e) => setEndDate(e.target.value)}
+            <input aria-label={tc('aria.queryTo')} value={endDate} onChange={(e) => setEndDate(e.target.value)}
               className="flex-1 bg-surface-overlay border border-slate-700/50 rounded px-2 py-1 text-[10px] text-label focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-500/50"
               placeholder="YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm" />
           </div>
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/en/common.json b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/en/common.json
index 3d4d331..090666d 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/en/common.json
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/en/common.json
@@ -250,5 +250,84 @@
     "statistics": "Statistics",
     "aiOps": "AI Ops",
     "admin": "Admin"
+  },
+  "aria": {
+    "close": "Close",
+    "closeDialog": "Close dialog",
+    "closeNotification": "Close notification",
+    "edit": "Edit",
+    "delete": "Delete",
+    "search": "Search",
+    "clearSearch": "Clear search",
+    "searchInPage": "Search in page",
+    "refresh": "Refresh",
+    "filter": "Filter",
+    "filterToggle": "Toggle filter",
+    "filterReset": "Reset filter",
+    "statusFilter": "Status filter",
+    "scopeFilter": "Scope filter",
+    "groupTypeFilter": "Group type filter",
+    "categoryFilter": "Category filter",
+    "regionFilter": "Region filter",
+    "previous": "Previous",
+    "next": "Next",
+    "send": "Send",
+    "confirmAction": "Confirm",
+    "dateFrom": "Start date",
+    "dateTo": "End date",
+    "queryFrom": "Query start time",
+    "queryTo": "Query end time",
+    "roleCode": "Role code",
+    "roleName": "Role name",
+    "roleDesc": "Role description",
+    "groupKey": "Group key",
+    "subClusterId": "Sub cluster ID",
+    "excludedMmsi": "Excluded MMSI",
+    "exclusionReason": "Exclusion reason",
+    "globalExclusionReason": "Global exclusion reason",
+    "correctParentMmsi": "Correct parent MMSI",
+    "uploadPanelClose": "Close upload panel",
+    "noticeTitle": "Notice title",
+    "noticeContent": "Notice content",
+    "languageToggle": "Language toggle",
+    "searchCode": "Search code",
+    "searchAreaOrZone": "Search area or zone",
+    "areaOfInterestSelect": "Select area of interest",
+    "replayPosition": "Replay position",
+    "replayClose": "Close replay",
+    "miniMapClose": "Close mini map",
+    "memberCountMin": "Min members",
+    "memberCountMax": "Max members",
+    "receiptDate": "Receipt reference date",
+    "copyExampleUrl": "Copy example URL",
+    "vesselDetail": "Vessel detail",
+    "enforcementRegister": "Register enforcement",
+    "falsePositiveProcess": "Mark false positive"
+  },
+  "error": {
+    "operationFailed": "Operation failed: {{msg}}",
+    "createFailed": "Create failed: {{msg}}",
+    "updateFailed": "Update failed: {{msg}}",
+    "deleteFailed": "Delete failed: {{msg}}",
+    "registerFailed": "Register failed: {{msg}}",
+    "processFailed": "Process failed: {{msg}}",
+    "errorPrefix": "Error: {{msg}}"
+  },
+  "dialog": {
+    "cancelSession": "Cancel this session?",
+    "deleteRole": "Delete this role?",
+    "genericDelete": "Delete?",
+    "genericRemove": "Remove?"
+  },
+  "success": {
+    "permissionUpdated": "Permissions updated",
+    "saved": "Saved"
+  },
+  "message": {
+    "noPermission": "No access permission",
+    "loading": "Loading...",
+    "builtinRoleCannotDelete": "Built-in role cannot be deleted",
+    "switchToEnglish": "Switch to English",
+    "switchToKorean": "Switch to Korean"
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/ko/common.json b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/ko/common.json
index c4ee620..1414556 100644
--- a/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/ko/common.json
+++ b/frontend/src/lib/i18n/locales/ko/common.json
@@ -250,5 +250,84 @@
     "statistics": "통계·보고",
     "aiOps": "AI 운영",
     "admin": "시스템 관리"
+  },
+  "aria": {
+    "close": "닫기",
+    "closeDialog": "대화상자 닫기",
+    "closeNotification": "알림 닫기",
+    "edit": "편집",
+    "delete": "삭제",
+    "search": "검색",
+    "clearSearch": "검색어 지우기",
+    "searchInPage": "페이지 내 검색",
+    "refresh": "새로고침",
+    "filter": "필터",
+    "filterToggle": "필터 설정",
+    "filterReset": "필터 초기화",
+    "statusFilter": "상태 필터",
+    "scopeFilter": "스코프 필터",
+    "groupTypeFilter": "그룹 유형 필터",
+    "categoryFilter": "대분류 필터",
+    "regionFilter": "해역 필터",
+    "previous": "이전",
+    "next": "다음",
+    "send": "전송",
+    "confirmAction": "확인",
+    "dateFrom": "시작일",
+    "dateTo": "종료일",
+    "queryFrom": "조회 시작 시각",
+    "queryTo": "조회 종료 시각",
+    "roleCode": "역할 코드",
+    "roleName": "역할 이름",
+    "roleDesc": "역할 설명",
+    "groupKey": "그룹 키",
+    "subClusterId": "서브 클러스터 ID",
+    "excludedMmsi": "제외 MMSI",
+    "exclusionReason": "제외 사유",
+    "globalExclusionReason": "전역 제외 사유",
+    "correctParentMmsi": "정답 parent MMSI",
+    "uploadPanelClose": "업로드 패널 닫기",
+    "noticeTitle": "알림 제목",
+    "noticeContent": "알림 내용",
+    "languageToggle": "언어 전환",
+    "searchCode": "코드 검색",
+    "searchAreaOrZone": "해역 또는 해구 번호 검색",
+    "areaOfInterestSelect": "관심영역 선택",
+    "replayPosition": "재생 위치",
+    "replayClose": "재생 닫기",
+    "miniMapClose": "미니맵 닫기",
+    "memberCountMin": "최소 멤버 수",
+    "memberCountMax": "최대 멤버 수",
+    "receiptDate": "수신 현황 기준일",
+    "copyExampleUrl": "예시 URL 복사",
+    "vesselDetail": "선박 상세",
+    "enforcementRegister": "단속 등록",
+    "falsePositiveProcess": "오탐 처리"
+  },
+  "error": {
+    "operationFailed": "작업 실패: {{msg}}",
+    "createFailed": "생성 실패: {{msg}}",
+    "updateFailed": "갱신 실패: {{msg}}",
+    "deleteFailed": "삭제 실패: {{msg}}",
+    "registerFailed": "등록 실패: {{msg}}",
+    "processFailed": "처리 실패: {{msg}}",
+    "errorPrefix": "에러: {{msg}}"
+  },
+  "dialog": {
+    "cancelSession": "세션을 취소하시겠습니까?",
+    "deleteRole": "해당 역할을 삭제하시겠습니까?",
+    "genericDelete": "삭제하시겠습니까?",
+    "genericRemove": "제거하시겠습니까?"
+  },
+  "success": {
+    "permissionUpdated": "권한 갱신",
+    "saved": "저장되었습니다"
+  },
+  "message": {
+    "noPermission": "접근 권한이 없습니다",
+    "loading": "로딩 중...",
+    "builtinRoleCannotDelete": "내장 역할은 삭제할 수 없습니다",
+    "switchToEnglish": "Switch to English",
+    "switchToKorean": "한국어로 전환"
   }
 }
diff --git a/frontend/src/shared/components/common/NotificationBanner.tsx b/frontend/src/shared/components/common/NotificationBanner.tsx
index 9fcf6f8..94d4686 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shared/components/common/NotificationBanner.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shared/components/common/NotificationBanner.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { X, AlertTriangle, Info, Bell, Megaphone } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 
 /*
  * SFR-02 공통컴포넌트: 알림 배너/팝업
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ interface NotificationBannerProps {
 }
 
 export function NotificationBanner({ notices, userRole }: NotificationBannerProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation('common');
   const [dismissed, setDismissed] = useState<Set<string>>(() => {
     const stored = sessionStorage.getItem('dismissed_notices');
     return new Set(stored ? JSON.parse(stored) : []);
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ export function NotificationBanner({ notices, userRole }: NotificationBannerProp
             {notice.dismissible && (
               <button
                 type="button"
-                aria-label="알림 닫기"
+                aria-label={t('aria.closeNotification')}
                 onClick={() => dismiss(notice.id)}
                 className="text-hint hover:text-muted-foreground shrink-0"
               >
diff --git a/frontend/src/shared/components/common/SearchInput.tsx b/frontend/src/shared/components/common/SearchInput.tsx
index 40547b6..2f7f37e 100644
--- a/frontend/src/shared/components/common/SearchInput.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/shared/components/common/SearchInput.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { Search, X } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 
 /*
  * SFR-02 공통컴포넌트: 검색 입력
@@ -11,22 +12,24 @@ interface SearchInputProps {
   className?: string;
 }
 
-export function SearchInput({ value, onChange, placeholder = '검색...', className = '' }: SearchInputProps) {
+export function SearchInput({ value, onChange, placeholder, className = '' }: SearchInputProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation('common');
+  const effectivePlaceholder = placeholder ?? `${t('action.search')}...`;
   return (
     <div className={`relative ${className}`}>
       <Search className="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 w-3.5 h-3.5 text-hint" />
       <input
         type="text"
-        aria-label={placeholder}
+        aria-label={effectivePlaceholder}
         value={value}
         onChange={(e) => onChange(e.target.value)}
-        placeholder={placeholder}
+        placeholder={effectivePlaceholder}
         className="w-full bg-surface-overlay border border-slate-700/50 rounded-lg pl-9 pr-8 py-2 text-[11px] text-label placeholder:text-hint focus:outline-none focus:border-blue-500/50"
       />
       {value && (
         <button
           type="button"
-          aria-label="검색어 지우기"
+          aria-label={t('aria.clearSearch')}
           onClick={() => onChange('')}
           className="absolute right-2.5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-hint hover:text-muted-foreground"
         >